Tuples

A tuple in Python is a collection that is ordered and unchangeable (also called immutable). It's very similar to a list, but once a tuple is created, you cannot modify its elements.



How to Create a Tuple:

my_tuple = (10, 20, 30)

Even if a tuple has only one item, you must include a comma:

single_item_tuple = (42,)    # ← Notice the comma

Without the comma, Python will treat it as just a number.



Key Features of Tuples:

1. Immutability - Cannot be changed.

Once a tuple is created, you cannot modify, add, or remove elements.

# Creating a tuple
tup = (11, 22, 33, 44)
# Trying to change the third element
tup[2] = 59

#Output - Error: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment


2. Ordered Collection - Elements have fixed positions.

Elements in a tuple maintain their order and can be accessed by index.

# Example
animals = ("cat", "dog", "bird", "fish")

# Access items by position
first_animal = animals[0]    # "cat"
second_animal = animals[1]   # "dog"
last_animal = animals[-1]    # "fish" (negative means from end)

print("First animal:", first_animal)
print("Last animal:", last_animal)


3. Allows Duplicate Values.

Tuples can contain multiple instances of the same value.

# Example
grades = (85, 90, 85, 78, 90, 85)
print("All grades:", grades)
print("How many 85s:", grades.count(85))  # Output: 3


4. Multiple Data Types.

Tuples can store different types of data in a single collection.

# Example
mixed_tuple = (42, "Hello", 3.14, True)
print("Mixed tuple:", mixed_tuple)


5. Tuple Packing and Unpacking.

You can pack multiple values into a tuple and unpack them into separate variables.

# Different ways to create tuples
way1 = (1, 2, 3)           # With parentheses
way2 = 1, 2, 3             # Without parentheses
way3 = (10,)               # Single item (comma needed!)
print("Way 1:", way1)
print("Way 2:", way2)
print("Way 3:", way3)


6. Slicing - Extract Portions of Tuple.

You can extract a portion of a tuple using slicing.

# Example: Weekly Temperature Data
temperatures = (22, 25, 28, 30, 27, 24, 21)

# Slicing syntax: tuple[start:end:step]
weekdays = temperatures[0:5]        # First 5 days
weekend = temperatures[5:7]         # Last 2 days
every_other_day = temperatures[::2] # Every alternate day

print(f"Weekday temps: {weekdays}")      # (22, 25, 28, 30, 27)
print(f"Weekend temps: {weekend}")       # (24, 21)
print(f"Alternate days: {every_other_day}") # (22, 28, 27, 21)


7. Loop Through Tuple

# Example
fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

# Looping through the tuple
for fruit in fruits:
    print("Fruit:", fruit)

Simple Examples:

Example 1: Store Coordinates

# Store x, y position
my_position = (10, 20)
x = my_position[0]  # 10
y = my_position[1]  # 20
print(f"I am at position ({x}, {y})")


Example 2: Store Person Information

person = ("Alice", 25, "Teacher")
name = person[0]
age = person[1]
job = person[2]
print(f"Name: {name}")
print(f"Age: {age}")
print(f"Job: {job}")


Example 3: Store Multiple Values

# Test scores
scores = (85, 92, 78, 96, 88)
print("All scores:", scores)
print("Highest score:", max(scores))
print("Lowest score:", min(scores))
print("Total scores:", len(scores))


Example 4: Compare Tuples

score1 = (85, 90)
score2 = (85, 88)
print("Score1 > Score2:", score1 > score2)  # True
print("Scores are same:", score1 == score2)  # False


Simple Tricks

Swap Two Variables.

a = 10
b = 20
a,b = b,a
print("a:",a,"b:",b)


Unpack Tuple Values

student_info = ("Bob", 18, 95)
# Get all values at once
name, age, marks = student_info
print("Student name:", name)
print("Student age:", age)
print("Student marks:", marks)



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